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Styrofoam, a versatile polymeric material, is widely used in various applications due to its lightweight, insulative, and protective properties.
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Most cited protocols related to «Styrofoam»
1
Suction Blister Induction and Wound Healing
A negative pressure instrument (Electronic Diversities, Finksburg, MD, USA) constructed to produce standard suction blisters upon application of negative pressure, was used on healthy skin (ex vivo: abdominal skin; in vivo: lower forearm). Subcutaneous fat was partially removed from ex vivo skin using a scissor. Subsequently, skin (10 × 10 cm2) was placed (not fixed, not kept in medium) on a styrofoam lid that was covered with aluminium foil to provide (at least partial) backpressure. Suction chambers with 5 openings (Ø = 5 mm) on the orifice plate were attached to skin, topped with a styrofoam lid and pressed with 1 kg weight in order to avoid movement of the plate. A pressure of 200–250 millimeter (mm) mercury (Hg) (ex vivo) or 150–200 mm Hg (in vivo) caused the skin to be drawn through the openings creating typical suction blisters of different size within 6–8 h (ex vivo) and 1–2 h (in vivo). Suction blister fluid (~110 µl/5 blisters) was collected using a syringe with a needle. Cells within the fluid were counted and placed on adhesion slides for staining and analysis. Blister roof epidermis was cut with a scissor, fixed with ice-cold acetone (10 minutes) and used for staining. For comparison and control, epidermal sheets were prepared from unwounded skin biopsy punches (Ø = 6 mm; 3.8% ammonium thiocyanate (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Germany) in PBS (Gibco, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), 1 h, 37 °C). Removal of the blister roof created a wound area. Biopsies (Ø = 6 mm) from wounded and unwounded areas were cultivated for 12 days in either duplicates or triplicates in 12 well culture plates and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco) and were cultured at the air-liquid interphase. Medium was changed every second day.
Rakita A., Nikolić N., Mildner M., Matiasek J, & Elbe-Bürger A. (2020). Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model. Scientific Reports, 10, 1.
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Publication 2020
Abdomen Acetone Aluminum ammonium thiocyanate Biopsy Cells Cold Temperature Eagle Epidermis Fetal Bovine Serum Forearm Interphase Mercury-200 Movement Needles Penicillins Pressure Skin Streptomycin styrofoam Subcutaneous Fat Suction Drainage Syringes
2
Contouring Consensus for Rectal Cancer
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Publication 2008
ARID1A protein, human Arteries Blood Vessel Cancers, Anal Conferences Groin Ilium Intestines Intestines, Small Medical Devices Muscle Tissue Nodes, Lymph Patients Physiologic Calcification Radiotherapy Rectal Cancer Rectum Sacrum Skin styrofoam X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Strain-Dependent Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Mice
Litters chosen for testing contained more than seven pups for BTBR (7.8±1.05), B6 (7.1±0.58) and FVB/NJ (7.5±0.34), and more than five pups for 129X1 (5.5±0.40; a strain known for small litters). One female and one male from each litter of BTBR, B6, FVB/NJ and 129X1 mice (n = 10 litters each strain) were used for baseline measurements of the ultrasonic vocalizations from pnd 2 to 12. Body weights and body temperatures of pups were measured after the ultrasonic vocalization test on pnd 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12. On each day of testing, each pup was placed into an empty plastic container (diameter, 5 cm; height 10 cm), located inside a sound-attenuating styrofoam box, and assessed for USVs during a five minute test. At the end of the five minute recording session, each pup was weighed and its axillary temperature measured by gentle insertion of the thermal probe in the skin pocket between upper foreleg and chest of the animal for about 30 seconds (Microprobe digital thermometer with mouse probe, Stoelting Co., Illinois, USA). No differences in patterns of calling were detected in a comparison of male and female pups, therefore data were collapsed across sex.
An Ultrasound Microphone (Avisoft UltraSoundGate condenser microphone capsule CM16, Avisoft Bioacoustics, Berlin, Germany) sensitive to frequencies of 10–180 kHz, recorded the pup vocalizations in the sound-attenuating chamber. The microphone was placed through a hole in the middle of the cover of the styrofoam sound-attenuating box, about 20 cm above the pup in its plastic container. The temperature of the room was maintained at 22±1°C. Vocalizations were recorded using Avisoft Recorder software (Version 3.2). Settings included sampling rate at 250 kHz; format 16 bit. For acoustical analysis, recordings were transferred to Avisoft SASLab Pro (Version 4.40) and a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was conducted. Spectrograms were generated with an FFT-length of 1024 points and a time window overlap of 75% (100% Frame, Hamming window). The spectrogram was produced at a frequency resolution of 488 Hz and a time resolution of 1 ms. A lower cut-off frequency of 15 kHz was used to reduce background noise outside the relevant frequency band to 0 dB. Call detection was provided by an automatic threshold-based algorithm and a hold-time mechanism (hold time: 0.01 s). An experienced user checked the accuracy of call detection, and obtained a 100% concordance between automated and observational detection. Parameters analyzed for each test day included number of calls, duration of calls, qualitative and quantitative analyses of sound frequencies measured in terms of frequency and amplitude at the maximum of the spectrum.
Waveform patterns of calls were examined in depth in twenty sonograms collected from every strain, one from each of the pups tested. The sonograms were one minute in length and selected from recordings at postnatal day 8. We classified 3633 BTBR calls, 2333 B6 calls, 1806 129X1 calls and 2575 FVB/NJ calls. Each call was identified as one of 10 distinct categories, based on internal pitch changes, lengths and shapes, using previously published categorizations [21] (link), [22] (link), [24] (link). Classification of USVs included ten waveform patterns described below, and illustrated visually in
and
and as audiofiles (
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
) in Supporting Information.
Inter-rater reliability in scoring the call categories was 98%. Call category data were subjected to two different analyses: a) strain-dependent effects on the frequency and duration of the vocalizations emitted by each subject at pnd 8 b) strain-dependent effects on the probability of producing calls from each of the ten categories of USV, as described below under Statistical analysis.
Scattoni M.L., Gandhy S.U., Ricceri L, & Crawley J.N. (2008). Unusual Repertoire of Vocalizations in the BTBR T+tf/J Mouse Model of Autism. PLoS ONE, 3(8), e3067.
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Publication 2008
Acoustics Animals Axilla Body Weight Capsule Chest Females Fingers Males Mice, House Neoplasm Metastasis Patient Holding Stretchers Reading Frames Skin Sound Strains styrofoam Thermometers Ultrasonics Ultrasonography
4
REGARDS Biospecimen Processing Protocol
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Publication 2014
5
Virtual Reality Setup for Rat Navigation
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Publication 2014
Most recents protocols related to «Styrofoam»
1
Waste Styrofoam-Based Adhesives Synthesis
The waste Styrofoam used in this study was electronic containers (WPS-1) and food containers (WPS-2). Four types of WPS-based adhesives were prepared from WPS-1 and WPS-2 and then modified with MDI and MA (
). The WPS was cleaned with AquaDes and dried at room temperature. After that, the WPS was crushed into particles. The dissolution of WPS particles was adopted from a published work with some modifications [16 (link)]. Approximately 200 g (20% w/v) of WPS particles was dissolved in 1000 mL of co-solvents consisting of 100 mL of ethyl acetate, 100 mL pf methylene chloride, 150 mL of butyl acetate, 60 mL of propanol, 90 mL of butanol, and 500 mL of toluene. The dissolution process was performed at 60 °C under continuous stirring at 100 rpm for 10 min. After all the WPS particles were dissolved, around 40 g (20% w/v) of MDI based on the WPS solids was poured into the mixture. The cross-linking reaction was performed at 60 °C under continuous stirring at 100 rpm for 30 min. The modification with MA was performed following the above procedure.
Karliati T., Lubis M.A., Dungani R., Maulani R.R., Hadiyane A., Rumidatul A., Antov P., Savov V, & Lee S.H. (2024). Performance of Particleboard Made of Agroforestry Residues Bonded with Thermosetting Adhesive Derived from Waste Styrofoam. Polymers, 16(4), 543.
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Publication 2024
2
Styrofoam Bead Flow Velocity Measurements
In addition to fog, we used a styrofoam bead to measure flow speeds. Because the density of styrofoam beads (6.52 kg/m 3 ) is of the same order of magnitude as the density of air (for details, see [29] ), the bead is expected to attain the same velocity as the gust that it intercepts. This method allowed us to make point measurements of the velocity field created by the gust. We suspended the styrofoam bead using thin sewing thread from the test chamber ceiling, such that it rested on the centreline of the nozzle exit and intercepted the vortex ring. The bead was placed at different axial locations along the centreline of the nozzle exit to measure the velocity of the bead, and hence the gust at various axial locations (Fig 3C).
Using a 12-bit CMOS camera (Phantom Miro EX4, Vision Research, Ametek, New Jersey, USA) fitted with an 18-70 mm focal length lens (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan), we recorded the flow images for both these methods at 1200 fps and 50 μs exposure time. Because of the low exposure time, we additionally illuminated the background using two 1000W halogen lamps. The camera was placed to record a lateral view of vortex ring propagation in a plane perpendicular and vertical to the nozzle exit plane. The external diameter of the nozzle served as a calibration scale for the images.
Based on exit diameter of the nozzle (D o ) and the ring average velocity (U avg ), we define non-dimensional time T n = U avg t/D 0 where t is the measured time. Similarly, the axial distance X n from the nozzle exit is nondimensionalized with the exit diameter D 0 and given by X n = X/D 0 . The dimensionless diameter of the ring is given by D n = D vb /D 0 , where D vb is the instantaneous diameter of vortex bubble (i.e., diameter of the ring with entrained air; Fig 1), and dimensionless velocity of the ring is given by U n = U vb /U avg where U vb is instantaneous velocity of the vortex bubble.
Gupta D., Sane S.P, & Arakeri J.H. (2024). Generating controlled gust perturbations using vortex rings. PloS one, 19(7).
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Publication 2024
3
Sustainable Feed Formulation for Aquaculture
This research was conducted from February to April, 2021 at the Center Development Advance Sciences and technology (CDAST) University of Jember. This research uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of control and seven treatments with 3 replications. The feed composition used included Control (K): (90% concentrate + 10% chayote), P1 (100% PSP styrofoam), P2 (90% PSP styrofoam + 10% chayote), P3 (80% PSP styrofoam + 10% concentrate + 10% chayote), P4 (70% PSP styrofoam + 20% concentrate + 10% chayote), P5 (60% PSP styrofoam + 30% concentrate + 10% chayote), P6 (50% PSP styrofoam + 40% concentrate + 10% chayote), P7 (45% PSP styrofoam + 45% concentrate + 10% chayote). Feeding quantity (grams) adjusted by 0.08 x latest total wet biomass x 7 days x feed percentage (concentrate/ PSP styrofoam/ chayote).
Subchan W., Musyarofah A.A.S., & Susilo V.E. (2024). EFFECT OF POLYSTYRENE PAPER STYROFOAM FEED ON SURVIVORSHIP AND GROWTH OF Tenebrio molitor L. BIODIVERS - BIOTROP Science Magazine, 3(1).
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Publication 2024
4
Impact of PMMA Rod on BB Measurements
The influence of the presence or absence of a polymethyl methacrylate rod supporting the BB was evaluated among three analytical software (Fig. 1). The Styrofoam was recessed so that the polymethyl methacrylate rod can be easily removed to prevent the iron ball from shifting (Fig. 1). The W-L test was performed with and without the polymethyl methacrylate rod supporting BB using Elekta XVI software. This W-L test was conducted on a table couch at a 0° gantry, 0° collimator, and an irradiation field diameter of 2-10 cm 2 (1.0 cm 2 step). The results of the W-L test with and without the imprint of the polymethyl methacrylate rod support were compared among three different analysis software.
The Styrofoam was placed on the table couch in a manner that allowed the polymethyl methacrylate rod to be easily placed on and removed from the recessed Styrofoam.
Yamazawa Y., Osaka A., Fujii Y., Nakayama T., Nishioka K, & Tanabe Y. (2024). Evaluation of the effect of sagging correction calibration errors in radiotherapy software on image matching. Physical and engineering sciences in medicine, 47(2).
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Publication 2024
5
Styrofoam Degradation in Larvae
Parameters observed were survivorship (%), length growth (cm/week) as well as biomass (gram/week), and degradation rate (gram/week). Measurement once a week for 6 weeks. The survivorship is shown from the quantity of the larvae and pupas in the final weeks of research. The growth is indicated by the increase in the body length or biomass between the last week and first. The degree of degradation is measured based on the mass of the beginning and the end of the styrofoam PSP styrofoam in each pan per week.
Subchan W., Musyarofah A.A.S., & Susilo V.E. (2024). EFFECT OF POLYSTYRENE PAPER STYROFOAM FEED ON SURVIVORSHIP AND GROWTH OF Tenebrio molitor L. BIODIVERS - BIOTROP Science Magazine, 3(1).
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Publication 2024
Top products related to «Styrofoam»
1
Zetasizer Nano ZS by Malvern Panalytical
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The Zetasizer Nano ZS is a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument designed to measure the size and zeta potential of particles and molecules in a sample. The instrument uses laser light to measure the Brownian motion of the particles, which is then used to calculate their size and zeta potential.
2
SASLab Pro by Avisoft
Sourced in Germany
SASLab Pro is a comprehensive software package designed for advanced sound analysis. It offers a range of tools for recording, editing, and analyzing acoustic signals. The software supports a variety of file formats and provides advanced signal processing capabilities, including spectral analysis, time-frequency analysis, and signal segmentation.
3
Fine wire thermocouple by Omega Engineering
Sourced in United States
A fine wire thermocouple is a type of temperature sensor that measures temperature by generating a small electrical voltage (the thermoelectric effect) when the junction of two different metals is heated. It consists of two wires of different metals joined at one end. The voltage generated is proportional to the temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions.
4
Recorder software by Avisoft
Sourced in Germany
Avisoft Recorder software is a tool for recording and storing audio data. It provides a user interface for managing the recording process and saving the captured audio files.
5
SASLab Pro software by Avisoft
Sourced in Germany
SASLab Pro is a software package designed for sound analysis and synthesis. It provides a range of tools for recording, visualization, and processing of audio signals, as well as the ability to generate and manipulate synthetic sounds.
6
Irgacure 184 by Novartis
Irgacure 184 is a photoinitiator used in the curing of various types of ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB) curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. It is a clear, viscous liquid that absorbs UV light to initiate the polymerization of monomers and oligomers, leading to the formation of a crosslinked polymer network.
7
DMSO by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
8
Avertin by Merck Group
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Avertin is a laboratory reagent used as an anesthetic agent in various animal studies and experiments. It is a combination of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol and tert-amyl alcohol. Avertin induces a state of general anesthesia in animals, allowing for safe and controlled procedures to be performed.
9
Polystyrene latex microbeads by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Polystyrene latex microbeads are uniformly sized, spherical particles made of polystyrene. They are available in a range of sizes, typically between 0.1 to 100 microns. These microbeads are commonly used as calibration standards, reference materials, and in various research and analytical applications.
10
UltraSoundGate Condenser Microphone CM 16 by Avisoft
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The UltraSoundGate Condenser Microphone CM 16 is a high-quality microphone designed for recording ultrasonic sounds. It features a flat frequency response and a wide dynamic range, making it suitable for a variety of applications that require accurate ultrasonic data capture.
Styrofoam, also known as expanded polystyrene foam (EPS), is a versatile polymeric material with several desirable properties. Its lightweight yet durable structure, excellent insulative capabilities, and protective qualities make it a popular choice for various applications. Styrofoam's unique characteristics, such as its low density and thermal resistance, contribute to its widespread use in packaging, construction, and other industries.
While Styrofoam offers many benefits, it also has some potential drawbacks. One key challenge is its environmental impact, as Styrofoam is not easily biodegradable and can contribute to plastic pollution if not disposed of properly. Additionally, Styrofoam can be susceptible to damage or breakage, which can limit its long-term durability in certain applications. Understanding these limitations is crucial when selecting the appropriate Styrofoam product or usage method for your needs.
PubCompare.ai is a powerful platform that can assist researchers and professionals in optimizing their Styrofoam-related activities. The platform allows you to efficiently screen protocol literature, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. By helping you identify the most effective protocols related to Styrofoam, PubCompare.ai can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of your research, ensuring you find the best products and procedures for your specific needs. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to make informed decisions and choose the optimal solution for your Styrofoam-based projects.
